Retail 1:1
Each exported kilowatt-hour offsets an imported kilowatt-hour at the retail energy rate.
US Solar ConsultingSmile.Shine.Save.Solar policy intelligence
Net metering, state by state.
Compare how every state credits exported solar—from retail-rate 1:1 net metering to net billing, successor tariffs, and utility-specific programs.
50states compared
45with a statewide framework
11policy components tracked
Updated August 2026
01
Know what your exports are worth.
Net billing
Imports and exports are priced separately, usually with a lower export credit.
Successor & mixed
Time-of-use, value-based, buy-all/sell-all, or utility-specific tariffs replace classic NEM.
02
Policy directory
Policy strength reflects how many of 11 SPOT components are fulfilled. Compensation labels describe the typical structure for new residential systems.
Showing 50 of 50 states
Alabama
0/11Utility-specific · no statewide NEM
No statewide policy
Alaska
3/11Retail 1:1 · credits roll forward
Limited
Arizona
4/11Net billing · reduced export credit
Limited
Arkansas
11/11Net billing · avoided-cost exports
Comprehensive
California
9/11Net billing · time-varying export value
Strong
Colorado
9/11Retail 1:1 net metering
Strong
Connecticut
7/11Buy-all / sell-all tariff
Moderate
Delaware
10/11Retail 1:1 net metering
Strong
Florida
5/11Retail 1:1 net metering
Moderate
Georgia
2/11Net billing · avoided-cost exports
Limited
Hawai‘i
5/11Successor tariff · export credit / no-export
Moderate
Idaho
0/11Utility-specific · no statewide NEM
No statewide policy
Illinois
7/11Successor NEM · supply credit only
Moderate
Indiana
4/11Net billing · excess-DG tariff
Limited
Iowa
4/11Retail NEM · utility eligibility varies
Limited
Kansas
2/11Retail NEM · excess at avoided cost
Limited
Kentucky
3/11Net billing · utility-set export rate
Limited
Louisiana
6/11Net billing · avoided-cost exports
Moderate
Maine
9/11Net Energy Billing · program-specific
Strong
Maryland
9/11Retail 1:1 net metering
Strong
Massachusetts
9/11Retail NEM · class/cap limits
Strong
Michigan
4/11Inflow / outflow net billing
Limited
Minnesota
8/11Retail NEM · value-of-solar option
Strong
Mississippi
4/11Net billing · avoided cost + adder
Limited
Missouri
2/11Retail 1:1 net metering
Limited
Montana
3/11Retail 1:1 net metering
Limited
Nebraska
2/11Retail offset · excess at avoided cost
Limited
Nevada
5/11Net metering · 75% retail export credit
Moderate
New Hampshire
10/11Near-retail NEM · charges excluded
Strong
New Jersey
5/11Retail 1:1 net metering
Moderate
New Mexico
5/11Retail 1:1 net metering
Moderate
New York
7/11Mixed · Phase One NEM / VDER
Moderate
North Carolina
6/11Successor NEM · TOU / bridge options
Moderate
North Dakota
3/11Net billing · monthly avoided cost
Limited
Ohio
5/11Retail NEM · energy-component credit
Moderate
Oklahoma
7/11Limited NEM · avoided-cost purchase
Moderate
Oregon
8/11Retail 1:1 net metering
Strong
Pennsylvania
10/11Retail 1:1 net metering
Strong
Rhode Island
8/11Retail 1:1 net metering
Strong
South Carolina
4/11Retail NEM · solar-choice tariff
Limited
South Dakota
0/11Utility-specific · no statewide NEM
No statewide policy
Tennessee
0/11Utility-specific · no statewide NEM
No statewide policy
Texas
0/11Retail choice / utility-specific buyback
No statewide policy
Utah
7/11Net billing · export-credit tariff
Moderate
Vermont
8/11Blended net-metering credit
Strong
Virginia
6/11Retail 1:1 net metering
Moderate
Washington
8/11Mixed · retail NEM / utility successor
Strong
West Virginia
9/11Mixed · NEM / avoided-cost net billing
Strong
Wisconsin
3/11Utility-specific NEM / avoided cost
Limited
Wyoming
4/11Retail NEM · annual excess avoided cost
Limited
Turn policy into project economics.
Policy breadth is not the same as export-credit value. Utility tariff, customer class, system size, annual true-up, and grandfathering can materially change the economics. US Solar Consulting helps translate these rules into practical solar decisions.
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